Multinodular Goitre

Multinodular Goitre is a common disease. The term essentially means that the thyroid gland has developed multiple nodules. Nodules are little lumps that can grow into different sizes.

It has a higher prevalence in countries where there is lack of iodine in the diet. In most western countries iodine is added to the salt, thus preventing this problem. It does not mean that Multinodular goitres do not exist, they are simply less common.

Is a Multinodular goitre dangerous?

As the nodules grow, two issues may arise: 1) compressive symptoms and 2) increased risk of cancer

The first issue is easy to explain, thyroid nodules given their location in the neck can cause compression (put pressure) on the airway, local veins and nerves. This compression can become symptomatic and cause the patient to consult. This said, the nodules have to grow to a considerable size and the gland would be pretty obvious to the common person. Small nodules, the most common ones, very rarely cause compression of the structures in the neck.

Secondly the increased risk of malignancy. Overall it is low. It sits around 5%. However nodules bigger than 1cm should be monitored yearly via an ultrasound. Fine needle aspiration biopsies should be obtained liberally if there is any suggestion of growth or changes.

Dr. Nicolas Oddone Baridon

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